Fouten met bijvoeglijke naamwoorden en bijwoorden komen vaak voor bij Nederlanders die zich in het Engels uitdrukken. Met andere woorden: That is typical Dutch… of was het nou tóch That is typically Dutch? De twee voornaamste redenen hiervoor zijn waarschijnlijk dat er in het Nederlands vaak niet veel verschil is tussen de twee, en dat we erg vaak naar Amerikaanse series kijken waar ze het verschil tussen adverbs en adjectives niet al te serieus nemen. Vreemd eigenlijk, want de regels zijn (voor de verandering) bijzonder straightforward.
Voor iedereen die af en toe wat moeite heeft te kiezen tussen That is typical Dutch en That is typically Dutch nog even de regels op een rijtje:
Adjectives (Bijvoeglijke naamwoorden, die woordjes ZONDER –ly aan het eind), zeggen iets over
1. Het zelfstandig naamwoord (noun): We provide our clients with quick, cost-effective and optimal advice of He is a typical Dutchman.
Adverbs (bijwoorden, die woordjes die in het Engels bijna altijd eindigen MET -ly), zeggen iets over
1. het werkwoord: Our staff advise clients quickly, cost-effectively and optimally
2. bijvoeglijke naamwoorden of andere bijwoorden: (dus toch…) That is typically Dutch.
Zo simpel is het… zeg je iets over de noun: gebruik het adjective, en dus géén –ly, in alle andere gevallen: gebruik het adverb en dus: -ly.
Taal is gelukkig genoeg (hoewel sommigen zouden zeggen: “jammer genoeg”) geen wiskunde en er zijn her en der wat kleine haakjes en oogjes; in, voor Nederlanders, aflopende graad van haakjesenogerig-heid: zie hieronder:
Haakje/oogje 1:
Het oogje waar de meeste Nederlanders achter blijven haken: good is een adjective en well is een adverb. Dus: He speaks English well (want het gaat over zijn spreken) en His English is good (want het gaat om z’n Engels). (Overigens zou je hier ook kunnen zeggen: He speaks (a) good English, maar dan impliceer je dat hij – vaak een native speaker – een “Algemeen Beschaafd Engels” spreekt).
Haakje/oogje 2:
Een aantal werkwoorden kunnen NIET met een adverb worden gecombineerd, hieronder: To appear – To be – To become – To feel – To look – To smell – To taste – To sound. Met andere woorden: It tastes/smells/looks/feels (etc.) fantastic (en dus ook) good. En voor wat betreft to be daarom óók: This is a typical Dutch mistake en He makes typically Dutch mistakes.
Subhaakje/oogje 2:
Na be, feel en look kúnnen we ook well gebruiken, maar dan in de betekenis van het adjective ‘gezond’:
I am well / I feel well / I’m feeling well (duidt op een fysieke toestand, gezondheid)
I am good / I feel good / I’m feeling good (duidt eerder op een emotionele staat dan een fysieke toestand)
NB: Om het allemaal nog wat verwarrender te maken, hoor je op de vraag How are you? Amerikanen vaak antwoorden met I’m good terwijl Britten dan I’m very well, thank you zouden zeggen… (waar je dan weer allerlei culturele ‘volksaard’-karakteristieken op zou kunnen loslaten, maar dat doen we hier maar even niet.)
Haakje/oogje 3:
Er zijn een aantal adjectives die al op –ly eindigen en die, als ze als adverb worden gebruikt, niet nóg een keertje-ly erachter krijgen (bijv. friendly, lonely, silly, costly etc.)
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